Black Box Testing – Detailed Overview Expert Guide

BLACK BOX TESTING is a software testing method wherein the internal structure (source code) of the tested feature is unknown to the tester. These tests can be functional or non-functional, it is also known as Behavioural Testing

BLACK BOX TESTING method is named after the fact that the software program seems to the tester to be a black box, with nothing visible inside. This approach searches for errors in the following areas:

• Incorrect or missing functions
• Interface bugs
• Data structure or external database access errors
• Behavior or performance issues
• Errors in initialization and termination

Without knowing the source code of a website, a tester uses a browser to test the web pages by providing inputs (clicks, keystrokes), and comparing the outputs to the desired result.

Testing Levels

Below are some of the levels of Black Box Testing method:

• Integration Testing
• System Testing
• Acceptance Testing

Testing Techniques

Below are some techniques for black box testing:

• Equivalence Partitioning: It’s a software testing technique that involves partitioning input values into valid and invalid partitions, then picking representative values from each partition as test data.
• Boundary Value Analysis: It is a software test design technique that entails determining input value boundaries and selecting test data that is at the boundaries, just inside/ outside of the bounds.
• Cause-Effect Graphing: It is a software test design technique that entails defining the cases (input circumstances) and effects (output conditions), creating a Cause-Effect Graph, and constructing test cases based on the graph.

Black-Box Testing Benefits

• Tests are based on the user’s perspective, aiding in the identification of variations in the specifications.
• The tester does not need to be familiar with programming languages or the software’s implementation.
• A separate group can conduct testing, offering an objective viewpoint and avoiding developer bias.
• As soon as the specifications are finalised, test cases can be created.

Black-Box Testing Limitations

• Testing can only cover a limited number of possible inputs, leaving numerous software pathways untested.
• Testcases will be difficult to design if there are no clear specifications, which is the case in many projects.
• If the software designer/developer has previously conducted a test case, tests may be unnecessary.

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